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/* ==================================================================================================================================================
         Project: NeoPixel Playground
Neopixel chipset: ws2812B  (144 LED/m strip)
          Author: Scott C
         Created: 12th June 2015
     Arduino IDE: 1.6.4
         Website: http://arduinobasics.blogspot.com/p/arduino-basics-projects-page.html
     Description: This project will allow you to cycle through and control five LED
                  animation sequences using a potentiometer and an accelerometer
                     Sequence 1:   Cylon with Hue Control                                       Control: Potentiometer only
                     Sequence 2:   Cylon with Brightness Control                                Control: Potentiometer only
                     Sequence 3:   Comet effect with Hue and direction control                  Control: Potentiometer and Accelerometer (Y axis only)
                     Sequence 4:   FireStarter / Rainbow effect with Hue and Direction control  Control: Potentiometer and Accelerometer (Y axis only)
                     Sequence 5:   Digital Spirit Level                                         Control: Accelerometer only (Y axis)
            
                  This project makes use of the FastLED library. Some of the code below was adapted from the FastLED library examples (eg. Cylon routine).
                  The Comet, FireStarter and Digital Spirit Level sequence was designed by ScottC.
                  The FastLED library can be found here: http://fastled.io/
                  You may need to modify the code below to accomodate your specific LED strip. See the FastLED library site for more details.
===================================================================================================================================================== */

//This project needs the FastLED library - link in the description.
#include "FastLED.h"

//The total number of LEDs being used is 144
#define NUM_LEDS 144

// The data pin for the NeoPixel strip is connected to digital Pin 6 on the Arduino
#define DATA_PIN 6

//Initialise the LED array, the LED Hue (ledh) array, and the LED Brightness (ledb) array.
CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];
byte ledh[NUM_LEDS];
byte ledb[NUM_LEDS];

//Pin connections
constint potPin = A0;      // The potentiometer signal pin is connected to Arduino's Analog Pin 0
constint yPin = A4;        // Y pin on accelerometer is connected to Arduino's Analog Pin 4
                            // The accelerometer's X Pin and the Z Pin were not used in this sketch

//Global Variables ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
byte potVal;                // potVal:      stores the potentiometer signal value
byte prevPotVal=0;          // prevPotVal:  stores the previous potentiometer value
int LEDSpeed=1;             // LEDSpeed:    stores the "speed" of the LED animation sequence
int maxLEDSpeed = 50;       // maxLEDSpeed: identifies the maximum speed of the LED animation sequence
int LEDAccel=0;             // LEDAccel:    stores the acceleration value of the LED animation sequence (to speed it up or slow it down)
int LEDPosition=72;         // LEDPosition: identifies the LED within the strip to modify (leading LED). The number will be between 0-143.  (Zero to NUM_LEDS-1)
int oldPos=0;               // oldPos:      holds the previous position of the leading LED
byte hue = 0;               // hue:         stores the leading LED's hue value
byte intensity = 150;       // intensity:   the default brightness of the leading LED
byte bright = 80;           // bright:      this variable is used to modify the brightness of the trailing LEDs
int animationDelay = 0;     // animationDelay: is used in the animation Speed calculation. The greater the animationDelay, the slower the LED sequence.
int effect = 0;             // effect:      is used to differentiate and select one out of the four effects
int sparkTest = 0;          // sparkTest:   variable used in the "sparkle" LED animation sequence 
boolean constSpeed = false; // constSpeed:  toggle between constant and variable speed.


//===================================================================================================================================================
// setup() : Is used to initialise the LED strip
//===================================================================================================================================================
voidsetup() {
    delay(2000);          //Delay for two seconds to power the LEDS before starting the data signal on the Arduino
    FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, DATA_PIN, GRB>(leds, NUM_LEDS);                            //initialise the LED strip       
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// loop() : The Arduino will take readings from the potentiometer and accelerometer to control the LED strip
//===================================================================================================================================================
voidloop(){
  readPotentiometer();           
  adjustSpeed();
  constrainLEDs();
 
  switch(effect){
    case 0:                                               // 1st effect : Cylon with Hue control - using Potentiometer 
      cylonWithHueControl();
      break;
      
    case 1:                                               // 2nd effect : Cylon with Brightness control - using Potentiometer
      cylonWithBrightnessControl();
      break;
      
    case 2:                                               // 3rd effect : Comet effect. Hue controlled by potentiometer, direction by accelerometer
      cometEffect();
      break;
      
    case 3:                                               // 4th effect : FireStarter / Rainbow Sparkle effect. Direction controlled by accelerometer, sparkle by potentiometer.
      fireStarter(); 
      break;
    
    case 4:
      levelSense();                                        // 5th effect : LevelSense - uses the accelerometer to create a digital "spirit" level.
      break;
  }
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// readPotentiometer() : Take a potentiometer reading. This value will be used to control various LED animations, and to choose the animation sequence to display.
//===================================================================================================================================================
void readPotentiometer(){
  //Take a reading from the potentiometer and convert the value into a number between 0 and 255
  potVal = map(analogRead(potPin), 0, 1023 , 0, 255);
  
  // If the potentiometer reading is equal to zero, then move to the next effect in the list.
  if(potVal==0){
    if(prevPotVal>0){   // This allows us to switch effects only when the potentiometer reading has changed to zero (from a positive number). Multiple zero readings will be ignored.
      prevPotVal = 0;   // Set the prev pot value to zero in order to ignore replicate zero readings.
      effect++;         // Go to the next effect.
      if(effect>4){
        effect=0;       // Go back to the first effect after the fifth effect.
      }
    }
  }
  prevPotVal=potVal;    // Keep track of the previous potentiometer reading
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// adjustSpeed() : use the Y axis value of the accelerometer to adjust the speed and the direction of the LED animation sequence
//===================================================================================================================================================
void adjustSpeed(){
  // Take a reading from the Y Pin of the accelerometer and adjust the value so that 
  // positive numbers move in one direction, and negative numbers move in the opposite diraction. 
  // We use the map function to convert the accelerometer readings, and the constrain function to ensure that it stays within the desired limits
  // The values of 230 and 640 were determined by trial and error and are specific to my accelerometer. You will need to adjust these numbers to suit your module.
  
  LEDAccel = constrain(map(analogRead(yPin), 230, 640 , maxLEDSpeed, -maxLEDSpeed),-maxLEDSpeed, maxLEDSpeed);
  
  
  // If the constSpeed variable is "true", then make sure that the speed of the animation is constant by modifying the LEDSpeed and LEDAccel variables.
  if(constSpeed){
    LEDAccel=0; 
    if(LEDSpeed>0){
      LEDSpeed = maxLEDSpeed/1.1;     // Adjust the LEDSpeed to half the maximum speed in the positive direction
    } 
    if (LEDSpeed<0){
      LEDSpeed = -maxLEDSpeed/1.1;    // Adjust the LEDSpeed to half the maximum speed in the negative direction
    }
  } 
 
  // The Speed of the LED animation sequence can increase (accelerate), decrease (decelerate) or stay the same (constant speed)
  LEDSpeed = LEDSpeed + LEDAccel;                        
  
  //The following lines of code are used to control the direction of the LED animation sequence, and limit the speed of that animation. 
  if (LEDSpeed>0){
    LEDPosition++;                                       // Illuminate the LED in the Next position
    if (LEDSpeed>maxLEDSpeed){
      LEDSpeed=maxLEDSpeed;                              // Ensure that the speed does not go beyond the maximum speed in the positive direction
    }
  }
  
  if (LEDSpeed<0){
    LEDPosition--;                                       // Illuminate the LED in the Prior position
    if (LEDSpeed<-maxLEDSpeed){
      LEDSpeed = -maxLEDSpeed;                           // Ensure that the speed does not go beyond the maximum speed in the negative direction
    }
  }
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// constrainLEDs() : This ensures that the LED animation sequence remains within the boundaries of the various arrays (and the LED strip)
//                   and it also creates a "bouncing" effect at both ends of the LED strip.
//===================================================================================================================================================
void constrainLEDs(){
  LEDPosition = constrain(LEDPosition, 0, NUM_LEDS-1);    // Make sure that the LEDs stay within the boundaries of the LED strip
  if(LEDPosition == 0 || LEDPosition == NUM_LEDS-1) {
    LEDSpeed = (LEDSpeed * -0.9);                         // Reverse the direction of movement when LED gets to end of strip. This creates a bouncing ball effect.
  }
}



//===================================================================================================================================================
// cylonWithHueControl() :  This is the 1st LED effect. The cylon colour is controlled by the potentiometer. The speed is constant.
//===================================================================================================================================================
void cylonWithHueControl(){
      constSpeed = true;                                  // Make the LED animation speed constant
      showLED(LEDPosition, potVal, 255, intensity);       // Illuminate the LED
      fadeLEDs(8);                                        // Fade LEDs by a value of 8. Higher numbers will create a shorter tail.
      setDelay(LEDSpeed);                                 // The LEDSpeed is constant, so the delay is constant
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// cylonWithBrightnessControl() : This is the 2nd LED effect. The cylon colour is red (hue=0), and the brightness is controlled by the potentiometer
//===================================================================================================================================================
void cylonWithBrightnessControl(){
      constSpeed = true;                                  // Make speed constant
      showLED(LEDPosition, 0, 255, potVal);               // Brightness is controlled by potentiometer.
      fadeLEDs(16);                                       // Fade LEDs by a value of 16
      setDelay(LEDSpeed);                                 // The LEDSpeed is constant, so the delay is constant
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// cometEffect() :  This is the 3rd LED effect. The random brightness of the trailing LEDs produces an interesting comet-like effect.
//===================================================================================================================================================
void cometEffect(){
      constSpeed = false;                                  // The speed will be controlled by the slope of the accelerometer (y-Axis)
      showLED(LEDPosition, potVal, 255, intensity);        // Hue will change with potentiometer.
      
      //The following lines create the comet effect 
      bright = random(50, 100);                            // Randomly select a brightness between 50 and 100
      leds[LEDPosition] = CHSV((potVal+40),255, bright);   // The trailing LEDs will have a different hue to the leading LED, and will have a random brightness
      fadeLEDs(8);                                         // This will affect the length of the Trailing LEDs
      setDelay(LEDSpeed);                                  // The LEDSpeed will be affected by the slope of the Accelerometer's y-Axis
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// fireStarter() : This is the 4th LED effect. It starts off looking like a ball of fire, leaving a trail of little fires. But as you
//                 turn the potentiometer, it becomes more like a shooting star with a rainbow-sparkle trail.
//===================================================================================================================================================
void fireStarter(){
      constSpeed = false;                                  // The speed will be controlled by the slope of the accelerometer (y-Axis)
      ledh[LEDPosition] = potVal;                          // Hue is controlled by potentiometer
      showLED(LEDPosition, ledh[LEDPosition], 255, intensity); 
      
      //The following lines create the fire starter effect
      bright = random(50, 100);                            // Randomly select a brightness between 50 and 100
      ledb[LEDPosition] = bright;                          // Assign this random brightness value to the trailing LEDs
      sparkle(potVal/5);                                   // Call the sparkle routine to create that sparkling effect. The potentiometer controls the difference in hue from LED to LED.
      fadeLEDs(1);                                         // A low number creates a longer tail
      setDelay(LEDSpeed);                                  // The LEDSpeed will be affected by the slope of the Accelerometer's y-Axis
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// levelSense() : This is the 5th and final LED effect. The accelerometer is used in conjunction with the LED strip to create a digital "Spirit" Level.
//                You can use the illuminated LEDs to identify the angle of the LED strip
//===================================================================================================================================================
void levelSense(){
      constSpeed = true;
      LEDPosition = constrain(map(analogRead(yPin), 230, 640, 1, NUM_LEDS-1), 0 , NUM_LEDS-1);
      
      //Jitter correction: this will reduce the amount of jitter caused by the accelerometer reading variability
      if(abs(LEDPosition-oldPos) < 2){
        LEDPosition = oldPos;
      }
      
      //The following lines of code will ensure the colours remain within the red to green range, with green in the middle and red at the ends.
      hue = map(LEDPosition, 0, NUM_LEDS-1, 0, 200);
      if (hue>100){
         hue = 200 - hue;
      }
      
      //Illuminate 2 LEDs next to each other
      showLED(LEDPosition, hue, 255, intensity); 
      showLED(LEDPosition-1, hue, 255, intensity);              
      
      //If the position moves, then fade the old LED positions by a factor of 25 (high numbers mean shorter tail)
      fadeLEDs(25);                               
      oldPos = LEDPosition; 
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// fadeLEDs(): This function is used to fade the LEDs back to black (OFF) 
//===================================================================================================================================================
void fadeLEDs(int fadeVal){
  for (int i = 0; i<NUM_LEDS; i++){
    leds[i].fadeToBlackBy( fadeVal );
  }
}



//===================================================================================================================================================
// showLED() : is used to illuminate the LEDs 
//===================================================================================================================================================
void showLED(int pos, byte LEDhue, byte LEDsat, byte LEDbright){
  leds[pos] = CHSV(LEDhue,LEDsat,LEDbright);
  FastLED.show();
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// setDelay() : is where the speed of the LED animation sequence is controlled. The speed of the animation is controlled by the LEDSpeed variable.
//              and cannot go faster than the maxLEDSpeed variable.
//===================================================================================================================================================
void setDelay(int LSpeed){
  animationDelay = maxLEDSpeed - abs(LSpeed);
  delay(animationDelay);
}


//===================================================================================================================================================
// sparkle() : is used by the fireStarter routine to create a sparkling/fire-like effect
//             Each LED hue and brightness is monitored and modified using arrays  (ledh[]  and ledb[])
//===================================================================================================================================================
void sparkle(byte hDiff){
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    ledh[i] = ledh[i] + hDiff;                // hDiff controls the extent to which the hue changes along the trailing LEDs
    
    // This will prevent "negative" brightness.
    if(ledb[i]<3){
      ledb[i]=0;
    }
    
    // The probability of "re-igniting" an LED will decrease as you move along the tail
    // Once the brightness reaches zero, it cannot be re-ignited unless the leading LED passes over it again.
    if(ledb[i]>0){
      ledb[i]=ledb[i]-2;
      sparkTest = random(0,bright);
      if(sparkTest>(bright-(ledb[i]/1.1))){
        ledb[i] = bright;
      } else {
        ledb[i] = ledb[i] / 2;                  
      }
    }
    leds[i] = CHSV(ledh[i],255,ledb[i]);
  }
}